Nuevos datos en torno a la historia paleoambiental del centro-sur de Chile. El registro sedimentario y palinológico del "Humedal Laguna Verde" (36°47'S), Península Hualpén, Región del Bío-Bío, Chile.

Jean Pierre Francois; Paulina Hernandez; Isadora Schneider; Javier Cerda

Authors

Jean Pierre Francois Universidad de Playa Ancha
Paulina Hernandez Laboratorio de Geografía Ambiental y Palinología (Lab GAP- UPLA), Departamento de Ciencias y Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.
Isadora Schneider Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Estudios Ambientales, Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
Javier Cerda Laboratorio de Geografía Ambiental y Palinología (Lab GAP- UPLA), Departamento de Ciencias y Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.

Keywords:

Climatic Transition, Middle Holocene, Central Chile, Westerly Wind Belt, Estación Biológica Terrestre Hualpen, sclerophyllous forest.

Abstract

This work presents a new sedimentological and palynological record that reconstructs the elusive environmental history during the mid to late Holocene transition in south central Chile (34°-38°S). The study site corresponds to a small wetland called Laguna Verde (36º47'S, 73º09'W; 22 m.a.s.l.; ~4 ha), which is located in a micro-basin (136 ha) surrounded by native vegetation (i.e. sclerophyllous forest). Sediment cores obtained from the wetland, allowed us to reconstruct its evolution during the post-glacial period, showing that site formation take place around 6,800 cal years BP, as a result of a damming process by dunes. Subsequently, a significant increase in the concentration of lithic materials mobilized by wind and precipitation is recorded, resulting in the formation of a permanent body of water around 4000 cal years BP. The palynological record shows a predominance of arboreal and aquatic taxa during this period, indicating the development of forest ecosystems into the basin, in response to increased rainfall. Finally, an abrupt change in the sedimentological and palynological record is observed around 1850AD, related to a transformation in the vegetal landscape and the sedimentary regime due to anthropogenic activity. In summary, this study provides new and relevant information to understand the paleoenvironmental history of the coastal ecosystems of south central Chile.

References

ABARZÚA, A. M., A. G. PINCHICURA, L. JARPA, A. MARTEL-CEA, et al. Environmental Responses to Climatic and Cultural Changes. In The Teleoscopic Polity: Andean Patriarchy and Materiality. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014, p. 123-141.

ALANIZ, A. J., A. M. ABARZÚA, A. MARTEL-CEA, L. JARPA, et al. Linking sedimentological and spatial analysis to assess the impact of the forestry industry on soil loss: The case of Lanalhue Basin, Chile. Catena, 2021, 207.

FÆGRI, K. AND J. IVERSEN Textbook of pollen analysis. Edtion ed. London, United Kindgdom: John Wiley & Sons Ld, 1989. 327 p.

FRUGONE‐ÁLVAREZ, M., C. LATORRE, S. GIRALT, J. POLANCO‐MARTÍNEZ, et al. A 7000‐year high‐resolution lake sediment record from coastal central Chile (Lago Vichuquén, 34° S): implications for past sea level and environmental variability. Journal of Quaternary Science, 2017.

GARREAUD, R. D., M. VUILLE, R. COMPAGNUCCI AND J. MARENGO Present-day South American climate. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2009, 281(3-4), 180-195.

GRIMM, E. CONISS: A fortran 77 program for stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares. Computers & Geosciences, 1987, 13, 13-35.

HEUSSER, C. J. Pollen and spores of Chile, Modern types of the Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, and Angiospermae. Edtion ed. USA, 1971. 176 pages p.

HEUSSER, C. J. Quaternary pollen record from Laguna de Tagua-Tagua, Chile. Science, 1983, 219, 1429- 1432.

HOGG, A. G., T. J. HEATON, Q. HUA, J. G. PALMER, et al. SHCal20 Southern Hemisphere calibration, 0–55,000 years cal BP 2020, 62(4), 759-778.

ISLA, F. I., J. Q. FLORY, C. MARTÍNEZ, A. FERNÁNDEZ, et al. The Evolution of the Bío Bío Delta and the Coastal Plains of the Arauco Gulf, Bío Bío Region: the Holocene Sea-Level Curve of Chile. Journal of Coastal Research, 2012, 279, 102-111.

JENNY, B., B. L. VALERO-GARCÉS, R. VILLA-MARTÍNEZ, R. URRUTIA, et al. Early to Mid-Holocene Aridity in Central Chile and the Southern Westerlies: The Laguna Aculeo Record (34°S). Quaternary Research, 2002, 58(2), 160-170.

LAMY, F., D. HEBBELN, U. RÖHL AND G. WEFER Holocene rainfall variability in southern Chile: a marine record of latitudinal shifts of the Southern Westerlies. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2001, 185, 369-382.

LAMY, F., R. KILIAN, H. A. ARZ, J. P. FRANCOIS, et al. Holocene changes in the position and intensity of the southern westerly wind belt. Nature Geoscience, 2010, 3, 695-699.

LANE, C. S., K. E. CUMMINGS AND J. CLARK Maize pollen deposition in modern lake sediments: A case study from Northeastern Wisconsin. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2010, 159(3-4), 177-187.

LATORRE, C., P. I. MORENO, G. VARGAS, A. MALDONADO, et al. Late Quaternary environments and paleoclimate. In W. GIBBONS AND T. MORENO eds. The Geology of Chile. London: London Geological Society Press, 2007.

MALDONADO, A. AND C. VILLAGRÁN Paleoenvironmental changes in the semiarid coast of Chile (∼ 32 S) during the last 6200 cal years inferred from a swamp–forest pollen record. Quaternary Research, 2002, 58(2), 130-138.

MALDONADO, A. AND C. VILLAGRÁN Climate variability over the last 9900 cal yr BP from a swamp forest pollen record along the semiarid coast of Chile. Quaternary Research, 2006, 66(2), 246-258.

MARDONES, M. AND C. VIDAL La zonificación y evaluación de los riesgos naturales de tipo geomorfológico: un instrumento para la planificación urbana en la ciudad de Concepción. EURE (Santiago), 2001, 27(81).

MONTES, I.-Y., A. BANEGAS-MEDINA, N. FAGEL, M. EL OUAHABI, et al. Late Holocene Paleonvironmental Evolution of Two Coastal Lakes in Mediterranean Chile and Its Implications for Conservation Planning. Applied Sciences, 2021, 11(8).

MORENO-CHACÓN, M., D. MARDONES, N. VIVEROS, K. MADRIAZA, et al. Flora vascular de un remanente de bosque esclerófilo mediterráneo costero: Estación de Biología Terrestre de Hualpén, Región del Biobío, Chile 2018, 75(1), 466-481.

PEÑA, F. Geomorfología de la ribera norte del río Biobío en su curso inferior. Limitaciones y potencialidades del área. Revista de Geografía Norte Grande, 1995, (22), 27-33.

SARRICOLEA, P., M. HERRERA-OSSANDON AND Ó. MESEGUER-RUIZ Climatic regionalisation of continental Chile. Journal of Maps, 2016, 13(2), 66-73.

SERNAGEOMIN. Mapa Geológico de Chile. In. Santiago: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, 1982.

STEFER, S., J. MOERNAUT, D. MELNICK, H. P. ECHTLER, et al. Forearc uplift rates deduced from sediment cores of two coastal lakes in south-central Chile. Tectonophysics, 2010, 495(1-2), 129-143.

STOCKMARR, J. Tablets with spores used in absolute pollen analysis. Pollen et Spores, 1971, 13(4), 615-621.

TORREJÓN, F. AND M. CISTERNAS Alteraciones del paisaje ecológico araucano por la asimilación mapuche de la agroganadería hispano-mediterránea (siglos XVI y XVII). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 2002, 75(4), 729-736.

VALERO‐GARCÉS, B. L., B. JENNY, M. RONDANELLI, A. DELGADO‐HUERTAS, et al. Palaeohydrology of Laguna de Tagua Tagua (34 30′ S) and moisture fluctuations in Central Chile for the last 46 000 yr 2005, 20(7‐8), 625-641.

VARGAS, P., F. TORREJÓN, A. PAUCHARD AND R. URRUTIA Rápido movimiento de plantas exóticas en la zona central de Chile: Una reconstrucción a través de evidencia histórica y palinológica. Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica, 2017, 52(1), 121-140.

VILLA-MARTÍNEZ, R. AND C. VILLAGRÁN Historia de la vegetación de bosques pantanosos de la costa de Chile central durante el Holoceno medio y tardío. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 1997, 70(3), 391-401.

VILLA-MARTÍNEZ, R., C. VILLAGRÁN AND B. J. Q. R. JENNY The last 7500 cal yr BP of westerly rainfall in Central Chile inferred from a high-resolution pollen record from Laguna Aculeo (34 S) 2003, 60(3), 284-293.

VILLAGRÁN, C. Vegetatiosgeschichtliche und pflanzensoziologische Untersuchungen im Vicente Perez Rosales Nationalpark (Chile). edited by D. BOTANICAE. Edtion ed., 1980. 165 p.

VILLAGRÁN, C. Una interpretación climática del registro palinológico del último ciclo glacial-postglacial en Sudamérica. Bulletin de l’Institut Francais d’Études Andines, 1993, 22, 243-258.

VILLAGRÁN, C. Quaternary history of the Mediterranean vegetation of Chile. In M.T.K. ARROYO, P.H. ZEDLER AND M.D. FOX eds. Ecology and biogeography of Mediterranean ecosystem in Chile, California and Australia. 1995a, vol. 108, p. 3-20.

VILLAGRÁN, C. M. Quaternary history of the Mediterranean vegetation of Chile. In Ecology and biogeography of Mediterranean ecosystems in Chile, California, and Australia. Springer, 1995b, p. 3-20.