Descolonizando los métodos para estudiar la cultura digital: una propuesta desde Latinoamérica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.54.52605Palabras clave:
métodos, Latinoamérica, descolonización, cultura digitalResumen
Este texto realiza una intervención epistémico-política en tres partes. En la primera, elaboramos una crítica a las lógicas teórico-metodológicas que suelen reproducirse sin dar cuenta de las diferencias del lugar donde se originan los métodos y en el que son aplicados. Problematizamos especialmente la idea de novedad, que ha sido preponderante en el estudio de los fenómenos digitales. En la segunda parte discutimos algunos elementos del llamado giro descolonial que consideramos inspirador para dar cuenta de la relación entre metodologías y la investigación sobre la cultura digital. Finalmente, en la tercera parte, exponemos una serie de propuestas para desarrollar metodologías que respondan a los contextos específicos de la cultura digital en Latinoamérica.
Descargas
Citas
Abiteboul, S. & Dowek, G. (2020). The Age of Algorithms. Cambridge University Press.
Bejarano, C. A., Juárez, L. L., García, M. A. M., & Goldstein, D. M. (2019). Decolonizing Ethnography: Undocumented Immigrants and New Directions in Social Science. Duke University Press.
Bernal, V. (2021). Digitality and Decolonization: A Response to Achille Mbembe. African Studies Review, 64(1), 41-56. https://doi.org/10.1017/asr.2020.90
Castro-Gómez, J. & R. Grosfoguel. (Eds.). (2007). El giro decolonial. Reflexiones para una diversidad epistémica más allá del capitalismo global (The decolonial turn. Reflections for an epistemic diversity beyond global capitalism). Siglo del Hombre Editores.
Chaar López, I. (2022). Latina/o/e technoscience: Labor, race, and gender in cybernetics and computing. Social Studies of Science, 52(6), 829–852. https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127221108515
Christin, A. (2020). The ethnographer and the algorithm: beyond the black box. Theory and Society, 49, 897–918. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-020-09411-3
Chun, W. H. K. (2021). Discriminating data: Correlation, neighborhoods, and the new politics of recognition. The MIT Press.
Costanza-Chock, S. (2020). Design Justice: Community-Led Practices to Build the Worlds We Need. The MIT Press.
Cunsolo Willox, A., Harper, S. L., & Edge, V. L. (2013). Storytelling in a digital age: digital storytelling as an emerging narrative method for preserving and promoting indigenous oral wisdom. Qualitative Research, 13(2), 127–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794112446105
De Souza Santos, B. (2018). Justicia entre saberes: Epistemologías del Sur contra el epistemicidio (Justice among knowledge: Epistemologies of the South against epistemicide). Ediciones Morata.
Dourish, P. & Gómez Cruz, E. (2018). Datafication and data fiction: Narrating data and narrating with data. Big Data & Society, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951718784083
Escobar, A. (2020). Política pluriversal: lo real y lo posible en el pensamiento crítico y las luchas latinoamericanas contemporáneas (Pluriversal Politics: The Real and the Possible in Contemporary Latin American Critical Thought and Struggles). Tabula Rasa, (36), 323-354. https://doi.org/10.25058/20112742.n36.13
Ewing, S. (2020). Decolonizing Research Methods. In P. Atkinson, S. Delamont, A. Cernat, J. W. Sakshaug, & R. A. Williams (Eds.), SAGE Research Methods Foundations. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526421036900255
Fals-Borda, O. (1985). El problema de cómo investigar la realidad para transformarla: por la praxis (The problem of how to investigate reality to transform it: through praxis). Tercer mundo.
Fals Borda, O. & Mora-Osejo, L. E. (2004). La superación del Eurocentrismo. Enriquecimiento del saber sistémico y endógeno sobre nuestro contexto tropical. (Overcoming Eurocentrism. Enrichment of systemic and endogenous knowledge on our tropical context). Polis. Revista Latinoamericana, (7). http://journals.openedition.org/polis/6210
Flores-Márquez, D. (2021). Digital Media and Emancipation in Latin American Communication Thinking. In A. C. Suzina (Ed.), The Evolution of Popular Communication in Latin America (pp. 191-208). Palgrave Macmillan.
Fúnez-Flores, J. I. (2022). Decolonial and Ontological Challenges in Social and Anthropological Theory. Theory, Culture & Society, 39(6), 21–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/02632764211073011
Galindo, M. (2020). Feminismo bastardo (Bastard feminism). Mantis Narrativa.
Glück, A. (2018). De-Westernization and Decolonization in Media Studies. In D. L. Cloud (Ed.), Oxford Encyclopedia of Communication and Critical Studies. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.898
Gómez Cruz, E. (2022). Tecnologías vitales: Pensar las culturas digitales desde Latinoamérica (Vital technologies: Thinking digital cultures from Latin America). Universidad Panamericana.
Hammond, C., Gifford, W., Thomas, R., Rabaa, S., Thomas, O., & Domecq, M.-C. (2018). Artsbased research methods with indigenous peoples: an international scoping review. AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples, 14(3), 260–276. https://doi.org/10.1177/1177180118796870
Haraway, D. (1988). Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective. Feminist Studies, 14(3), 575–599. https://doi.org/10.2307/3178066
Hicks, M. (2017). Programmed inequality: How Britain Discarded Women Technologists and Lost Its Edge in Computing. The MIT Press.
Hlabangane, N. (2018). Can a Methodology Subvert the Logics of its Principal? Decolonial Meditations. Perspectives on Science, 26(6), 658-693. https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00293
Jones, S. (Ed.). (1998). Doing Internet Research: Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net. SAGE.
Kaplún, G. (2019). La comunicación alternativa entre lo digital y lo decolonial (The alternative communication between digital and decolonial). Chasqui: Revista Latinoamericana de Comunicación, (141), 67-86.
Kwet, M. (2019). Digital colonialism: US empire and the new imperialism in the Global South. Race & Class, 60(4), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306396818823172
Leal, D. D. C., Strohmayer, A., & Krüger, M. (2021a). On Activism and Academia: Reflecting Together and Sharing Experiences Among Critical Friends. In Y. Kitamura & A. Quigley (Chairs), Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-18). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445263
Leal, D. D. C., Krüger, M., Teles, V. T. E., Teles, C. A. T. E., Cardoso, D. M., Randall, D., & Wulf, V. (2021b). Digital Technology at the Edge of Capitalism: Experiences from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 28(3), 1-39. https://doi.org/10.1145/3448072
Lozano Lerma, B. R. (2016). Tejiendo con retazos de memorias insurgencias epistémicas de mujeres negras/afrocolombianas. Aportes a un feminismo negro decolonial (Weaving with scraps of memories epistemic insurgencies of black/Afro-Colombian women. Contributions to a decolonial black feminism) (Doctoral dissertation, Universidad Andina Simón Bolivar). http://hdl.handle.net/10644/4895
Leurs, K. (2017). Feminist Data Studies: Using Digital Methods for Ethical, Reflexive and Situated Socio-Cultural Research. Feminist Review, 115(1), 130–154. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41305-017-0043-1
Light, B., Burgess, J., & Duguay, S. (2018). The walkthrough method: An approach to the study of apps. New Media & Society, 20(3), 881–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816675438
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. J. (2018). Epistemic Freedom in Africa: Deprovincialization and Decolonization. Routledge.
Nemer, D. (2022). Technology of the Oppressed: Inequity and the Digital Mundane in Favelas of Brazil. The MIT Press.
Portugal, I. C. & Giebeler, C. (Eds.). (2019). Prójimos: prácticas de investigación desde la horizontalidad (Alikes: research practices from a horizontal perspective). Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.
Quijano, A. (2007). Coloniality and modernity/rationality. Cultural Studies, 21(2-3), 168-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601164353
Ricaurte, P. (2019). Data Epistemologies, The Coloniality of Power, and Resistance. Television & New Media, 20(4), 350–365. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476419831640
Ricaurte, P. (2022). Ethics for the majority world: AI and the question of violence at scale. Media, Culture & Society, 44(4), 726–745. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437221099612
Rix, E. F., Wilson, S., Sheehan, N., & Tujague, N. (2018). Indigenist and Decolonizing Research Methodology. In P. Liamputtong (Ed.), Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences (pp. 1-15). Springer.
Robards, B. & Lincoln, S. (2017). Uncovering longitudinal life narratives: scrolling back on Facebook. Qualitative Research, 17(6), 715–730. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794117700707
Rodríguez, R. P. & da Costa, S. (2019). Descolonizar las herramientas metodológicas. Una experiencia de investigación feminista (Decolonizing methodological tools. A feminist research experience). Millcayac - Revista Digital De Ciencias Sociales, 6(11), 13–30. https://revistas.uncu.edu.ar/ojs3/index.php/millca-digital/article/view/2242
Rogers, R. (2013). Digital Methods. The MIT Press.
Sandoval, C. (2013). Methodology of the Oppressed (Vol. 18). U of Minnesota Press.
Siles, I. (2023). Living with Algorithms: Agency and User Culture in Costa Rica. The MIT Press.
Siles, I., Espinoza-Rojas, J., Naranjo, A., & Tristán, M. F. (2019). The Mutual Domestication of Users and Algorithmic Recommendations on Netflix. Communication, Culture & Critique, 12(4), 499–518. https://doi.org/10.1093/ccc/tcz025
Siles, I., Gómez-Cruz, E., & Ricaurte, P. (2022) Toward a popular theory of algorithms. Popular Communication. https://doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2022.2103140
Siles, I., Segura-Castillo, A., Solís, R., & Sancho, M. (2020). Folk theories of algorithmic recommendations on Spotify: Enacting data assemblages in the global South. Big Data & Society, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951720923377
Siles, I., Valerio-Alfaro, L., & Meléndez-Moran, A. (2022). Learning to like TikTok . . . and not: Algorithm awareness as process. New Media & Society, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221138973
Sloan, L. & Quan-Haase, A. (Eds.). (2017). The SAGE Handbook of Social Media Research Methods. SAGE.
Tironi, M. & Valderrama, M. (2021). Descolonizando los sistemas algorítmicos: diseño crítico para la problematización de algoritmos y datos digitales desde el Sur (Decolonizing Algorithmic Systems: A Critical Design to Problematize Algorithms and Digital Data from the South). Palabra Clave, 24(3), e2432. https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2021.24.3.2
Thambinathan, V. & Kinsella, E. A. (2021). Decolonizing Methodologies in Qualitative Research: Creating Spaces for Transformative Praxis. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069211014766
Trere, E. & Milan, S. (2021). Perspectivas latinoamericanas sobre la datificación y la inteligencia artificial: Tradiciones, intervenciones y posibilidades (Latin American Perspectives on Datification and Artificial Intelligence: Traditions, Interventions, and Possibilities). Palabra Clave, 24(3), e2431. https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2021.24.3.1
Tuhiwai Smith, L. (2016). A descolonizar las metodologías. Investigación y pueblos indígenas. (Decolonizing methodologies. Research and indigenous peoples). LOM.
Urquijo, A. A. & Díaz, A. F. (2018). Saberes para el buen vivir en la cultura digital desde el sur global (Knowledge for good living in the digital culture from the global South). In A. I. Nogales-Bocio, M. A. Solans García, & C. Marta-Lazo (Eds.), Estándares e indicadores para la calidad informativa en los medios digitales (Standards and indicators for news quality in digital media). Egregius Editores.
Waisbord, S. & Mellado, C. (2014). De-westernizing Communication Studies: A Reassessment. Communication Theory, 24(4), 361-372. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12044
Zemelman M. H., (2021). Pensar Teórico y Pensar Epistémico: los retos de las Ciencias Sociales latinoamericanas (Theoretical Thinking and Epistemic Thinking: The Challenges of Latin American Social Sciences). Espacio Abierto, 30(3), 234-244. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/espacio/article/view/36823
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Edgar Gómez-Cruz, Paola Ricaurte, Ignacio Siles
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.